Physical Science Reference Guide
Contents. Definition Physical science can be described as all of the following:. A branch of (a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the ). A branch of – natural science is a major branch of that tries to explain and predict nature's phenomena, based on. In natural science, must be verified scientifically to be regarded as scientific theory. Validity, accuracy, and social mechanisms ensuring quality control, such as peer review and repeatability of findings, are amongst the criteria and methods used for this purpose. Natural science can be broken into two main branches: (for example biology).
Each of these branches, and all of their sub-branches, are referred to as natural sciences. Branches of physical science.
– natural and physical science that involves the study of and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. – study of celestial objects (such as stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and nebulae), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. – studies the composition, structure, properties and change of.
In this realm, chemistry deals with such topics as the properties of individual atoms, the manner in which atoms form chemical bonds in the formation of compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces to give matter its general properties, and the interactions between substances through chemical reactions to form different substances. – all-embracing term referring to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. Earth science is the study of how the natural environment (ecosphere or Earth system) works and how it evolved to its current state. It includes the study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. History of physical science – history of the branch of natural science that studies non-living systems, in contrast to the. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a 'physical science', together called the 'physical sciences'. However, the term 'physical' creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physical science also study biological phenomena (organic chemistry, for example).
– history of the physical science that studies matter and its motion through space-time, and related concepts such as energy and force. – history of the study of mechanical waves in solids, liquids, and gases (such as vibration and sound). – history of the study of physics applied to. – history of the study of soil physical properties and processes. – history of the study of the physical aspects of celestial objects. – history of the study of the universe beyond Earth, including its formation and development, and the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects (such as galaxies, planets, etc.) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation).
– history of the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft. – history of the branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. – history of the discipline that deals with the nature of the Universe as a whole. – history of the branch of astronomy concerned with objects outside our own Milky Way Galaxy. – history of the study of our own Milky Way galaxy and all its contents. – history of the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution.
– history of the scientific study of planets (including Earth), moons, and planetary systems, in particular those of the Solar System and the processes that form them. – history of the natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as cosmic background radiation).
Ncfe Physical Science Reference Guide
– history of the study of the application of physics to the atmosphere. – history of the study of how matter and light interact.
– history of the study of physical processes relating to biology. – history of the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine.
– history of the branch of biophysics dealing with the nervous system. – history of the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics. – history of the study and implementation of numerical algorithms to solve problems in physics for which a quantitative theory already exists. – history of the study of the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. – history of the cryogenics is the study of the production of very low temperature (below −150 °C, −238 °F or 123K) and the behavior of materials at those temperatures.
– history of the study of the causes of motion and changes in motion. – history of the interdisciplinary research field, applying theories and methods originally developed by physicists in order to solve problems in economics. – history of the branch of science concerned with the forces that occur between electrically charged particles. – history of the physics of the Earth and its environment in space; also the study of the Earth using quantitative physical methods. – history of the use of physics to describe materials in many different ways such as force, heat, light and mechanics. – history of the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories.
– history of the branch of physics concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment. – history of the study of the structure and function of biological systems such as humans, animals, plants, organs, and cells by means of the methods of mechanics. – history of the one of the two major sub-fields of mechanics, which is concerned with the set of physical laws describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of forces. – history of the branch of mechanics that deals with the analysis of the kinematics and the mechanical behavior of materials modeled as a continuous mass rather than as discrete particles.
– history of the study of fluids and the forces on them. – history of the branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the action is on the order of the Planck constant. – history of the branch of physical science concerned with heat and its relation to other forms of energy and work. – history of the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei.
– history of the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. – history of the branch of physics that studies the existence and interactions of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter or radiation.
– history of the quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they affect. – history of the state of matter similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles are ionized. – history of the field of physics that studies polymers, their fluctuations, mechanical properties, as well as the kinetics of reactions involving degradation and polymerisation of polymers and monomers respectively. – history of the branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the action is on the order of the Planck constant. –. – history of the branch of mechanics concerned with the analysis of loads (force, torque/moment) on physical systems in static equilibrium, that is, in a state where the relative positions of subsystems do not vary over time, or where components and structures are at a constant velocity. – history of the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy.
– history of the dynamics of vehicles, here assumed to be ground vehicles. – history of the physical science of atomic matter (matter that is composed of chemical elements), especially its chemical reactions, but also including its properties, structure, composition, behavior, and changes as they relate the chemical reactions. – history of the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials.
– history of the study of the abundance and reactions of chemical elements and molecules in the universe, and their interaction with radiation. – history of the study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions. – history of the branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary field of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other disciplines.
– history of the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes. – history of the study of both chemistry and biochemistry which are important in agricultural production, the processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and in environmental monitoring and remediation. – history of the examines the role of metals in biology.
– history of the rapidly growing scientific discipline that combines organic chemistry and biochemistry. – history of the new branch of chemistry that covers a broad spectrum of research activities involving biological systems. – history of the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
– history of the branch of chemistry that involves the study of the reactions and components on the immune system. – history of the discipline at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents (drugs). – history of the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action.
– history of the chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism – history of the found in nature that usually has a pharmacological or biological activity for use in pharmaceutical drug discovery and drug design. – history of the specific study of neurochemicals, which include neurotransmitters and other molecules such as neuro-active drugs that influence neuron function. – history of the branch of chemistry that uses principles of computer science to assist in solving chemical problems. – history of the use of computer and informational techniques, applied to a range of problems in the field of chemistry. – history of the uses Newtonian mechanics to model molecular systems. – history of the someone who uses chemistry to engineer artificial and natural flavors. – history of the chemical reaction is run in a continuously flowing stream rather than in batch production.
– history of the study of the mechanisms behind major geological systems using chemistry. – history of the study of the role of various elements in watersheds, including copper, sulfur, mercury, and how elemental fluxes are exchanged through atmospheric-terrestrial-aquatic interactions. – history of the study of the relative and absolute concentrations of the elements and their isotopes using chemistry and geology. – history of the studies the chemistry of marine environments including the influences of different variables.
– history of the study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had on Earth. – history of the study of the spatial variation in the chemical composition of materials at the surface of the Earth.
– history of the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. – history of the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes and nuclear properties.
– history of the chemistry of radioactive materials, where radioactive isotopes of elements are used to study the properties and chemical reactions of non-radioactive isotopes (often within radiochemistry the absence of radioactivity leads to a substance being described as being inactive as the isotopes are stable). – history of the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of carbon-based compounds, hydrocarbons, and their derivatives.
– history of the branch of chemistry that studies the transformation of crude oil (petroleum) and natural gas into useful products or raw materials. – history of the study of chemical compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal. – history of the study of chemical reactions that proceed with the absorption of light by atoms or molecules.
– history of the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts. – history of the study of rates of chemical processes. – history of the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. – history of the branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution. – history of the Femtochemistry is the science that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales, approximately 10 −15 seconds (one femtosecond, hence the name).
– history of the area of research engaged in novel applications of mathematics to chemistry; it concerns itself principally with the mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena. – history of the coupling of the mechanical and the chemical phenomena on a molecular scale and includes mechanical breakage, chemical behaviour of mechanically stressed solids (e.g., stress-corrosion cracking), tribology, polymer degradation under shear, cavitation-related phenomena (e.g., sonochemistry and sonoluminescence), shock wave chemistry and physics, and even the burgeoning field of molecular machines. – history of the study of the interrelationships between structure and reactivity in organic molecules.
– history of the branch of chemistry whose primary focus is the application of quantum mechanics in physical models and experiments of chemical systems. – history of the study of the effect of sonic waves and wave properties on chemical systems. – history of the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules. – history of the area of chemistry beyond the molecules and focuses on the chemical systems made up of a discrete number of assembled molecular subunits or components. – history of the study of the energy and heat associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations. – history of the strict sense of the word the study of phytochemicals. – history of the multidisciplinary science that deals with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers or macromolecules.
– history of the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials, particularly, but not necessarily exclusively of, non-molecular solids. Multidisciplinary fields involving chemistry. – history of the scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology that involves the application of chemical techniques and tools, often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems. – history of the branch of engineering that deals with physical science (e.g., chemistry and physics), and life sciences (e.g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry) with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. – history of the study of the behavior of the chemical elements within the Earth's oceans. – history of the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics. – history of the interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering.
– history of the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. – history of the science and study of all aspects of wine and winemaking except vine-growing and grape-harvesting, which is a subfield called viticulture. – history of the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy.
– history of the Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces. – history of the all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. Earth science, and all of its branches, are branches of physical science.
– history of the umbrella term for the study of the atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems. – history of the study of the distribution of species (biology), organisms, and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
– history of the study and practice of making maps or globes. – history of the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time. – history of the study of the dynamic interface between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e.
Coastal geomorphology, geology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast. – history of an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems. – history of the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment. – history of the scientific biological study of freshwater ecosystems and is a branch of limnology.
– history of the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water. – history of the Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. – history of the Population dynamics is the branch of life sciences that studies short-term and long-term changes in the size and age composition of populations, and the biological and environmental processes influencing those changes. – history of the Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. – history of the Environmental soil science is the study of the interaction of humans with the pedosphere as well as critical aspects of the biosphere, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, and the atmosphere. – history of the Environmental geology, like hydrogeology, is an applied science concerned with the practical application of the principles of geology in the solving of environmental problems. – history of the branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms.
Physical Science Reference Guide
– history of the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth, including its gravitational field, in a three-dimensional time-varying space. – history of the science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. – history of the science and the technology which develops and uses information science infrastructure to address the problems of geography, geosciences and related branches of engineering.
– history of the study of the Earth, with the general exclusion of present-day life, flow within the ocean, and the atmosphere. – history of the planetary science discipline concerned with the geology of the celestial bodies such as the planets and their moons, asteroids, comets, and meteorites. – history of the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. – history of the branch of statistics focusing on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets. – history of the physics of the Earth and its environment in space; also the study of the Earth using quantitative physical methods. – history of the study of glaciers, or more generally ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.
– history of the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability. – history of the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).
– history of the study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals. – history of the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere which explains and forecasts weather events. – history of the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean. – history of the study of changes in climate taken on the scale of the entire history of Earth. – history of the study of prehistoric life. – history of the branch of geology that studies the origin, composition, distribution and structure of rocks. – history of the study of inland waters.
– history of the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies. – history of the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils. – history of the study of surface shape and features of the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including planets, moons, and asteroids. – history of the study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena. General principles of the physical sciences. – law or rule that has to be, or usually is to be followed, or can be desirably followed, or is an inevitable consequence of something, such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a system is constructed.
The principles of such a system are understood by its users as the essential characteristics of the system, or reflecting system's designed purpose, and the effective operation or use of which would be impossible if any one of the principles was to be ignored. Basic principles of physics – branch of science that studies and its through, along with related concepts such as. Physics is one of the ' because the other natural sciences (like biology, geology etc.) deal with systems that seem to obey the laws of physics. According to physics, the physical laws of matter, energy and the fundamental forces of nature govern the interactions between particles and physical entities (such as planets, molecules, atoms or the subatomic particles). Some of the basic pursuits of physics, which include some of the most prominent developments in modern science in the last millennium, include:. Describing the nature, measuring and quantifying of bodies and their motion, dynamics etc.
Newton's laws of motion. Mass, force and weight. Momentum and conservation of energy.
Gravity, theories of gravity. Energy, work, and their relationship., position, and. Different forms of Energy, their interconversion and the inevitable loss of energy in the form of heat (Thermodynamics)., and transfer. the transfer of energy from one source to work in another. and. and. and.
Heat flow:, and. The four. The principles of and. The principles of, and. The principles, sources, and properties of Basic principles of astronomy – of celestial bodies and their interactions in space.
Science Reference Format
Its studies includes the following:. The life and characteristics of and. Origins of the universe.
Physical science uses the theory as the commonly accepted scientific theory of the origin of the universe. A Solar System.
Ancient cultures saw the Earth as the centre of the Solar System or universe (geocentrism). In the 16th century, Nicolaus advanced the ideas of heliocentrism, recognizing the Sun as the centre of the Solar System. Chemistry, partial ordering of the sciences proposed by Balaban and Klein.
The nature of the. Characterization of. Basic principles of earth science – the of the planet, as of 2014 the only identified. Its studies include the following:.
The and the process of. and. Earth's structure. and. Characteristics of and.
Characteristics and formation of. – the branches of science that study the atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems.
and., and. and., and., and. and. Major storms:, and. Notable physical scientists. Earth scientists. See also.
Outline of physical science. Notes. Wilson, Edward O. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (1st ed.). New York, NY: Vintage Books. '. modern science is a discovery as well as an invention.
It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions.' —p.vii, (2003, editor-in-chief). The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science. New York: Oxford University Press.
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary., Inc. Retrieved 2011-10-16. 3 a: knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method b: such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena. ^ At the start of, offers the as the single most prolific scientific concept: 'If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed save one sentence.
what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is. that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another.' (, p. I-2).
^ 'Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events.' (, p. 9)., p. 9.
'Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you.' (, p. 7). ^.
Retrieved 2011-06-12. Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary. Retrieved August 19, 2007. Scharringhausen, Britt. Retrieved 2017-05-27. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
Works cited.; Leighton, R.B.; Sands, M. Holzner, S. Physics is the study of your world and universe around you. Van Nostrand.
Young, H.D.; Freedman, R.A. (13th ed.). External links.